Cities that were Capitals of Culture:
1985 – Athens (Greece)
1986 – Florence (Italy)
1987 – Amsterdam (the Netherlands)
1988 – Berlin (Germany)
1989 – Paris (France)
1990 – Glasgow (United Kingdom)
1991 – Dublin (Ireland)
1992 – Madrid (Spain)
1993 – Antwerp (Belgium)
1994 – Lisbon (Portugal)
1995 – Luxembourg (Luxembourg)
1996 – Copenhagen (Denmark)
1997 – Thessaloniki (Greece)
1998 – Stockholm (Sweden)
1999 – Weimar (Germany)
2000 – Avignon (France), Bergen (Norway), Bologna (Italy), Brussels (Belgium), Helsinki (Finland), Kraków (Poland), Reykjavík (Iceland), Prague (Czech Republic), Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
2001 – Porto (Portugal), Rotterdam (the Netherlands)
2002 – Bruges (Belgium), Salamanca (Spain)
2003 – Graz (Austria)
2004 – Genoa (Italy), Lille (France)
2005 – Cork (Ireland)
2006 – Patras (Greece)
2007 – Luxembourg (Luxembourg), Sibiu (Romania)
2008 – Liverpool (United Kingdom), Stavanger (Norway)
2009 – Linz (Austria), Vilnius (Lithuania)
2010 – Essen representing the Ruhr (Germany), Pécs (Hungary), Istanbul (Turkey)
2011 – Turku (Finland), Tallinn (Estonia)
2012 – Guimarães (Portugal), Maribor (Slovenia)
2013 – Marseille (France), Košice (Slovakia)
2014 – Umeå (Sweden), Riga (Latvia)
2015 – Mons (Belgium) and Plzeň (Czech Republic)
2016 – Donostia/San Sebastián (Spain), Wrocław (Poland)
This year, European Capitals of Culture are: Aarhus (Denmark), Pafos (Cyprus)
Cities that will be European Capitals of Culture:
2018 – Leeuwarden (the Netherlands), Valletta (Malta)
2019 – Matera (Italy), Plovdiv (Bulgaria)
2020 – Rijeka (Croatia), Galway (Ireland)
2021 – Eleusis (Greece), Timisoara (Romania), Novi Sad (Serbia)